Abdelkarim Hamattit , Youcef Slimani , Mahfoudh Saidani , Aissa Hameri , Brahim Betka, “The Umayyad State in Al-Andalus: A Study of the Relationship between Abd al Rahman al-Dakhil and Charlemagne ”, PEGEGOG, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 1752–1767, Jan. 2026.