Developing the Self-Efficacy Scale for Middle School Students' Estimation Skills: Validity and Reliability
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47750/pegegog.13.02.35Keywords:
devoloping a scale, estimation skill, middle school students, self-efficacyAbstract
This research aims to develop a reliable and valid scale to determine middle school students' self-efficacy about estimation skills. In addition, with the developed scale, the estimation skill self-efficacy of middle school students was examined in terms of various variables. For these purposes, a draft scale of 40 items was developed by reviewing the literature and taking expert opinions.In this context, data were obtained from two different study groups in the research.The first stage of this research was the development of the scale, and the data obtained from 327 middle school students.The second stage of this research was the testing process of the developed scale, and it was carried out on the data obtained from 317 middle school students.While developing the scale, confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis, Guttman Split-half values reliability and Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient calculations were performed.As a result of the analysis, the total variance percentage of the scale consisting of 23 items and 5 factors was found to be 55.61%. In addition, it was seen that the model obtained as a result of CFA was at an acceptable level. Cronbach Alpha value for the whole scale was determined as .91. As a result of this study, a reliable and valid scale was developed to determine the middle school students’ self-efficacy for estimation skills. Besides, it was concluded that middle school students' self-efficacy for estimation skills differed according to grade level, but not according to gender.
Downloads
References
Akkaya, R., Sezgin Memnun, D. & Katranci, Y. (2012). Teacher trainees' self-efficacy beliefs about mathematical literacy: Turkey case. In P. Resta (Ed.), Proceedings of SITE 2012--Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference (pp. 4330-4337). Austin, Texas, USA: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE)
Aytekin, C., & Toluk Uçar, Z. (2014). Investigation of middle school students’ estimation ability with fractions. Elementary Education Online, 13(2), 546-563.
Balcı, A. (2001). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma, yöntem, teknik ve ilkeler (3.baskı). Ankara: PegemA Yayıncılık.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. Engle wood Cliffs, NJ, 1986(23-28).
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freedom and Company.
Baroody, A. J., & Gatzke, M. R. (1991). The estimation of set size by potentially gifted kindergarten-age children. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 59-68.
Bobis, J. (1991). The effect of instruction on the development of computational estimation strategies. Mathematics Education Research Journal, 3(1), 17-29.
Boz, B., & Bulut, S. (2002). İlköğretim matematik, fen bilgisi ve okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının tahmin becerilerinin incelenmesi, 5. Ulusal Fen Bilimleri ve Matematik Eğitimi Kongresi, ODTÜ Kültür Kongre Merkezi, Ankara.
Boz, B., & Bulut, S. (2012). A case study about computational estimation strategies of seventh graders. Ilkogretim Online, 11(4).
Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research (1st ed.). NY: Guilford Publications Inc.
Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Faktör analizi: Temel kavramlar ve ölçek geliştirmede kullanımı. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi Dergisi. 32. 470–483.
Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2011). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı: İstatistik araştırma deseni. SPSS uygulamaları ve yorum (1.baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
Canpolat, A. M., & Çetinalp, K. Z. (2011). İlköğretim II. kademe öğrenci-sporcuların başarı algısı ve öz-yeterlik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. Selçuk Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilim Dergisi, 13(1), 14-19.
Cole, D. A. (1987). Utility of confirmatory factor analysis in test validation research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55(4). 584–594.
Crites, T. (1992). Skilled and less-skilled estimators’ strategies for estimating discrete quantities. The Elementary School Journal, 92, 601–615.
Çilingir, D., & Türnüklü, E. B. (2009). Estimation Ability and Strategies of the 6-8 Grades Elementary School Students. Elementary Education Online, 8(3).
Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. ve Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2014). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
DeVellis, R. F. (2016). Scale development: Theory and applications (4th ed.). Sage publications.
Dowker, A. (1992). Computational estimation strategies of Professional mathematicians. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 23(1), 45–55.
Dowker, A. (1997). Young children’s addition estimates. Mathematical Cognition, 3(2), 140–153.
Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education (8th ed.). New York: McGrawHIll.
Goodman, T. (1991). Computational estimation skills of pre‐service elementary teachers. International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 22(2), 259-272.
Goodwin, K. S., Ostrom, L., &Scott, K. W. (2009). Gender differences in mathematics self-efficacy and back substitution in multiple-choice assessment. Journal of Adult Education, 38(1), 22-42.
Hanson, S. A., & Hogan, T. P. (2000). Computational estimation skill of college students. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 31(4), 483-499.
Hogan, T. P. ve Brezinski, K. L. (2003). Quantitative estimation: one, two, or three abilities. Mathematical Thinking and Learning, 5(4), 259-280.
Hooper, D., Coughlan, J. & Mullen, M. (2008). Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53-60.
Hu, L. T. & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cut off criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural equation modeling: a multidisciplinary journal. 6(1). 1-55.
Huang, C. (2013). Gender differences in academic self-efficacy: a meta analysis. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 28, 1-35.
Joët, G., Usher, E. L., & Bressoux, P. (2011). Sources of self-efficacy: An investigation of elementary school students in France. Journal of Educational Psychology, 103, 649-663.
Kılıç, Ç., & Olkun, S. (2013). İlköğretim öğrencilerinin gerçek yaşam durumlarındaki ölçüsel tahmin performansları ve kullandıkları stratejiler. İlköğretim Online, 12(1).
Kim, H-Y. (2013). Statistical notes for clinical researchers: assessing normal distribution (2) using skewness and kurtosis. Restorative Dentistry&Endodontics,38(1), 52-54.
Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. NY: Guil for dpublicationsInc.
Korkmaz, İ. (2005). Sosyal öğrenme kuramı. İçinde B. Yeşilyaprak. Gelişim ve Öğrenme Psikolojisi, 8, 199-222.
Koyuncu, İ., & Haser, Ç. (2012). Sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının matematik okuryazarlığı öz-yeterlik düzeyleri ile akademik başarıları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. 10. Ulusal Fen Bilimleri ve Matematik Eğitimi Kongresi, Niğde Üniversitesi, Niğde.
Kurbanoglu, N. I., & Takunyaci, M. (2012). An investigation of the attitudes, anxieties and self-efficacy beliefs towards mathematics lessons high school students’ in terms of gender, types of school, and students’ grades. Journal of Human Sciences, 9(1), 110-130.
LeFevre, J.-A., Greenham, S. L. ve Waheed, N. (1993). The development of procedural and conceptual knowledge in computational estimation. Cognition and Instruction, 11 (2), 95-132.
Levine, D. R. (1982). Strategy use and estimation ability of college students. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 13(5), 350-359.
Luwel, K., & Verschaffel, L. (2008). Estimation of ‘real’numerosities in elementary school children. Europeanjournal of psychology of education, 23(3), 319-338.
Micklo, S. J. (1999). Estimation it's more than a guess. Childhood Education, 75(3), 142-145.
MONE. (2018). Matematik dersi öğretim programı (İlkokul ve ortaokul 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ve 8. sınıflar). Ankara: MEB yayınları.
Nicolaidou, M., & Philippou, G. (2003). Attitudes towards mathematics, self-efficacyandachievement in problem solving. European Research in MathematicsEducation III. Pisa: University of Pisa, 1-11.
O'Daffer, P. (1979). A case and techniques for estimation. Estimation Eperiences in Elementary School Mathematics- Essential, not Extra! Arithmetic Teacher 26 (6), 236-241.
Özcan, M. (2015). İlköğretim matematik öğretmen adaylarının işlemsel tahmin becerilerinin incelenmesi, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
Özdamar, K. (1999). Paket programlar ile istatistiksel veri analizi-I. Eskişehir: Kaan kitapevi
Özgen, K., & Bindak, R. (2008). Matematik okuryazarlığı öz-yeterlik ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 16(2), 517-528.
Pajares, F. (1996). Self-efficacy beliefs in academic settings. Review of educational research, 66(4), 543-578.
Pajares, F., & Miller, M. D. (1994). Role of self-efficacyand self-conceptbeliefs in mathematical problem solving: A path analysis. Journal of educational psychology, 86(2), 193.
Pajares, F., &Schunk, D. (2005). Self-efficacyand self-conceptbeliefs. New Frontiersfor Self-Research, March H. Craven R, McInerney D (eds.). Greenwich, CT: IAP.
Pilten, P., & Yener, D. (2009). İlköğretim 1. kademe öğrencilerinin matematiksel örüntüleri analiz etme ve tahminde bulunma becerilerinin değerlendirilmesi, Sakarya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 18, 62-78.
Reys, R. E., & Bestgen, B. J. (1981). Teaching and assessing computational estimation skills. The Elementary School Journal, 82(2), 117-127.
Reys, R.E. (1986). Evaluating computational estimation. Estimation and mental computation, pp. 225-238. Reston, VA: The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, Inc.
SAKIZ, G. (2013). Başarıda anahtar kelime: Öz-yeterlik. Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 26(1), 185-210.
Segovia Alex, I., & Castro, E. (2009). Computational and measurement estimation: curriculum foundations and research carried out at the University of Granada, Mathematics Didactics Department.
Seçer, İ. (2013). SPSS ve LISREL ile pratik veri analizi: Analiz ve raporlaştırma.
Sharma. S. (1996). Applied multivariate techniques. New York: John Wiley&SonsInc.
Sowder, J. (1992). Estimation and number sense. D. A. Grouws içinde, Handbook of Research on MathematicsTeachingand Learning (s. 371-389). New York: Macmillan.
Star, J. R., Rittle-Johnson, B., Lynch, K., &Perova, N. (2009). The role of prior knowledge in the development of strategy flexibility: Thecase of computational estimation. ZDM, 41(5), 569-579.
Stipek, D. J., and Daniels, D. H. (1988). Declining perceptions of competence: A consequence of changes in the child or in the educational environment? Journal of Educational Psychology, 80, 352-356.
Sulak, B. (2008). Sınıf öğretmenliği adaylarının matematiksel örüntüleri analiz etme ve tahminde bulunma becerilerinin değerlendirilmesi, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
Tabachnick, B. G. &Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (4th Ed). Needham MA: Allyn& Bacon
Tavşancıl, E. (2010). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile veri analizi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım
Tekinkır, D. (2008). İlköğretim 6-8. sınıf öğrencilerinin matematik alanındaki tahmin stratejilerini belirleme ve tahmin becerisi ile matematik başarısı arasındaki ilişki, Doctoral dissertation, Dokuz Eylül Univesity, İzmir.
Uçak, E. & Bağ, H. (2012). Elementary school pupils‘ self-efficacy towards science and technology lesson. Journal of Baltic Science Education, 11 (3), 204- 215.
Valentine, J. C., DuBois, D. L., & Cooper, H. (2004). The relation between self-beliefs and academic achievement: A meta-analyticreview. Educational psychologist, 39(2), 111–133.
Van De Walle, J. A., Karp, K. S., & Bay-Williams, J. M. (2016). İlkokul ve ortaokul matematiği (Çeviri Editörü: Prof. Dr. Soner Durmuş)(7. Basım). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Ankara.
Van den Heuvel-Panhuizen, M. (Ed.). (2001). Children Learn Mathematics: A Learning-teaching Trajectory with Intermediate Attainment Targets... Freudenthal Institute. Utrecht University.
Yazgan, Y., Bintaş, J. & Altun, M. (2002). İlköğretim 5. sınıf öğrencilerinin zihinden hesap ve tahmin becerilerinin geliştirilmesi, V. Ulusal Fen Bilimleri ve Matematik Eğitimi Kongresi, ODTÜ Kültür ve Kongre Merkezi, Ankara.
Zimmerman, B. J., Bandura, A., and Martinez-Pons, M. (1992). Selfmotivation for academic attainment: The role of self-efficacy beliefs and personal goal setting. American Educational Research Journal, 29, 663-676.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
