EXPERT VALIDATION OF A MULTI-CONSTRUCT INSTRUMENT ON ETHICAL LEADERSHIP, CONFLICT MANAGEMENT, AND WORK CULTURE AMONG TEACHERS USING CVI ANALYSIS

Abstract

This study evaluated the content validity of an adapted instrument measuring Ethical Leadership, Conflict Management Practices, and Teachers’ Work Culture in school settings. Ninety-six items drawn from prior scales were independently reviewed by seven subject-matter experts; nine items were removed for insufficient consensus, yielding a final set of 87 items. Expert ratings indicated high agreement at the item level (most items ≥ .86) and average agreement above .95 at the scale level across the three constructs. These outcomes suggest clear construct coverage, minimal redundancy, and strong contextual fit for use in schools. In practical terms, the instrument can inform leadership development and coaching, guide the design of conflict-management routines (e.g., mediation and communication protocols), and support initiatives that enhance teacher well-being and a positive work culture. The validated item set is ready for subsequent psychometric testing; specifically, exploration and confirmatory factor analyses and provides a reliable tool for research and evidence-informed decision-making in educational leadership and organizational development.