Genetic Architecture of Graves' Disease and Graves' Ophthalmopathy: From Susceptibility Genes to Precision Medicine

Authors

  • Farid Fawzy Abd El-Hafiz , Khalid Ahmed Ahmed Elbanna , Nermin Saad Ghanem, Norhan Abdallah Said Sabbah , Abdelhamid Moustafa Abdelhamid Elmougi

Keywords:

Graves' Disease, Graves' Ophthalmopathy, Precision Medicine

Abstract

Background: Graves' disease (GD) is the most common cause of autoimmune hyperthyroidism and results from amultifactorial interaction between genetic susceptibility, immune dysregulation, epigenetic modifications, andenvironmental factors. Over the past two decades, advances in molecular genetics have substantially improved understanding of the complex genetic architecture

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References

Smith TJ, Hegedüs L. Graves' disease. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(16):1552-1565. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1510030.

Davies TF, Andersen S, Latif R, et al. Graves' disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2020;6:52. doi:10.1038/s41572-020-0184-y.

Lee HJ, Li CW, Hammerstad SS, Stefan M, Tomer Y. Immunogenetics of autoimmune thyroid diseases: A comprehensive review. J Autoimmun. 2015;64:82-90. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2015.07.009

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Published

2024-03-20

How to Cite

Farid Fawzy Abd El-Hafiz , Khalid Ahmed Ahmed Elbanna , Nermin Saad Ghanem, Norhan Abdallah Said Sabbah , Abdelhamid Moustafa Abdelhamid Elmougi. (2024). Genetic Architecture of Graves’ Disease and Graves’ Ophthalmopathy: From Susceptibility Genes to Precision Medicine. Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction, 14(3), 1176–1186. Retrieved from https://pegegog.net/index.php/pegegog/article/view/5224

Issue

Vol. 14 No. 3 (2024): PEGEGOG

Section

Article

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